|
Ferdinand III (1199 or 1201 – 30 May 1252) was King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230 as well as King of Galicia from 1231. He was the son of Alfonso IX of León and Berenguela of Castile. Through his second marriage he was also Count of Aumale. Ferdinand III was one of the most successful kings of Castile, securing not only the permanent union of the crowns of Castile and León, but also masterminding the most expansive campaign of Reconquista yet. By military and diplomatic efforts, Ferdinand greatly expanded the dominions of Castile into southern Spain, annexing many of the great old cities of al-Andalus, including the old Andalusian capitals of Córdoba and Seville, and establishing the boundaries of the Castilian state for the next two centuries. Ferdinand was canonized in 1671 by Pope Clement X and, in Spanish, he is known as ''Fernando el Santo'', ''San Fernando'' or ''San Fernando Rey''. Places such as San Fernando, Pampanga, and the San Fernando de Dilao Church in Paco, Manila in the Philippines, and in California, San Fernando City and the San Fernando Valley, were named for him and placed under his patronage. ==Early life== The exact date of Ferdinand's birth is unclear. It has been proposed as early as 1199 or even 1198, although more recent researchers commonly date Ferdinand's birth in the Summer of 1201.〔F. Anson (1998) ''Fernando III: Rey de Castilla y León'' Madrid. (p.39 )〕〔R.K. Emmerson, editor, (2006), ''Key Figures in Medieval Europe'' Routledge. p.215〕〔Jaime Alvar Ezquerra, editor, (2003) ''Diccionario de Historia de España'', Madrid, p.284〕 Ferdinand was born at the Monastery of Valparaíso (Peleas de Arriba, in what is now the Province of Zamora). As the son of Alfonso IX of León and his second wife Berengaria of Castile, Ferdinand is descendent of Alfonso VII of Leon and Castile on both sides of his parents as his paternal grandfather Ferdinand II of Leon and maternal great grandfather Sancho III of Castile were the sons and successors of Alfonso VII. Ferdinand has other royal ancestors from his paternal grandmother Urraca of Portugal and his maternal grandmother Eleanor of England a daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. From his birth to 1204 Ferdinand was designate as the heir to his father's kingdom of Leon with the support of his mother and the kingdom of Castile despite he was Alfonso IX's second son. Alfonso IX already had a son and two daughters from his first marriage to Teresa of Portugal but at the time he never acknowledge his first son also named Ferdinand as his heir, But the Castilians see Teresa's Ferdinand as a protenial rival and a threat to Berengaria's Ferdinand. The marriage of Ferdinand's parents was annulled by order of Pope Innocent III in 1204, due to consanguinity. Berengaria then took their children, including Ferdinand, to the court of her father, King Alfonso VIII of Castile. In 1217, her younger brother, Henry I, died and she succeeded him to the Castilian throne and Ferdinand as her heir, but she quickly surrendered it to her son. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ferdinand III of Castile」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|